1. The Ideal Gas Law
   1. Variables:

      V=	volume (liters, cubic decimeters, milliliters, cubic centimeters).
      n=	amount in moles, n = (MM = molar mass from Periodic Table).
      T=	temperature, for gases must be in Kelvin, K = oC = 273.15, usually find temperature to nearest degree, so only add 273.
      P=	pressure (atmospheres, millimeters of mercury, kilopascals, torr. 1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa = 760 torr = 29.92 in Hg = 14.7 lb/in2, these are all at 0 oC

      
      torr named after Torricelli - Italian scientist, first person to accurately measure atmospheric pressure, 1640

      Calculation of Gas Pressure

      1. barometer - closed manometer, take h directly.
      2. manometer - open manometer.
         P_gas = P_atm + P due to h mm Hg
      H₂O is on the atmospheric side in the h part of the equation, this will effectively give the addition or subtraction from atmospheric pressure.

      Relation between variables;

      PV=nRT

      where R is a true constant, it is the same for all gases and is independent of P, V, n or T.
      

      inputting standard temperature and pressure (STP) for any gas will give the same R, Avogadro's Law - the same number of particles at the same P, T, and V.

This page was made by Erik Epp.